Marble River's Ephemera

Fate Magazine

2011-04-18T21:49:00.003-04:00

Four covers from 1959.

A Few More Records

2011-04-17T22:17:00.003-04:00

I always thought the theme song from the Cheyenne TV series had a melancholy wistfulness about it.

Listen to "Ta-Ra-Ra-Boom-Der-E" and wonder why they spelled it like that. Here's "Pony Boy" too. It's OK to march around the living room while you listen.

"El Kabong" and "Ooch Ooch Ouch" wraps up the record posts for now.

Record Guild of America - Picture Disks

2011-04-12T22:26:00.005-04:00

Beautiful kiddie records, from the 1950s, I'm guessing. The last one has sound files for the curious.

Listen to ""Workin' on the Railroad".

Listen to "Erie Canal". A good one!

Records - French EPs

2011-04-11T21:10:00.005-04:00

Found at the flea market about 15 years ago, a selection of very cool French EPs from the 1960s.

When I was 13 years old, this is exactly what I wanted to look like! Denim jacket, pants and cap, worn leather boots. Oh well, I did get a harmonica...

Not a French EP, but it was with the same batch of records, all for ten cents a piece!

Golden Records

2011-04-10T21:06:00.009-04:00

My very first blog post was of some LPs from the stacks. Now five years later, here's some kid's records.

A Trip to the Attic - 006

2011-04-04T20:36:00.003-04:00

Mystery box from a flea market. Popular opinion is that it's a box of old sewing-machine parts.

Some old plastic planes.

A Trip to the Attic - 005

2011-04-03T22:38:00.003-04:00

Spring Cleaning! I've gotten rid of about 1/2 ton of broken toys, moth-eaten cloths and busted electronics over the past few weeks (and made a few $$$ at the flea market too). Here are few things I've found that I'm holding on to...

An old drafting kit, I guess.

Three keys from an odd old wooden box. More on this one tomorrow.

Tumblin Tim and Flyin Flo - 5

2011-04-03T21:40:00.001-04:00

The thrilling climax.

Tumblin Tim and Flyin Flo - 4

2011-04-01T23:29:00.004-04:00

What a great clown painting...

I don't see anything unusual with these next three images.

Tumblin Tim and Flyin Flo - 3

2011-03-31T22:42:00.002-04:00

Tumblin Tim and Flyin Flo - 2

2011-03-30T21:36:00.003-04:00

Tumblin Tim and Flyin Flo - 1

2011-03-29T21:11:00.005-04:00

I believe this was a shoe-store giveaway (Acrobat Shoe Company, Nashville Tennessee) from 1946.
Readers with coulrophobia or pomfretphobia should probably skip this post.

Popular Mechanics, 1930s

2011-03-04T21:11:00.002-05:00

They spelled "mechanix" wrong. Nice covers though.

Modern Mechanix, Back Covers

2011-03-02T20:44:00.003-05:00

Luckies and Chesterfields. Sure it's easy to mock these ads now. So let's!

Go ahead Grandma, first one's free...

OK, even in 1935, this must have seemed a bit sinister.

That's funny, my singing coach gave me the same advice!

Modern Mechanix, 1936-37

2011-03-01T20:37:00.003-05:00

The last batch of cover scans, a few good ones. Next up; a sampling of back covers.

Modern Mechanix, 1935-36

2011-02-28T21:13:00.003-05:00

I think the Airplane-Zeppelin is my favorite cover!

Modern Mechanix, 1934-5

2011-02-27T21:30:00.004-05:00

Three more fantastic Rozen covers. Hey my '72 Dodge Dart had a coat-hanger antenna too!

Modern Mechanix, 1934

2011-02-23T19:04:00.002-05:00

The Radio Tube Train! It doesn't have a whistle, it has saxophones!

Modern Mechanix, 1934

2011-02-22T20:48:00.004-05:00

Now the covers start to get interesting.

Cover art by George Rozen on most of these.

Modern Mechanix, 1933

2011-02-21T21:02:00.002-05:00

May June and July covers.

Forty Seven Years Ago Today

2011-02-09T19:25:00.011-05:00

Today's Puzzle

2011-02-01T23:03:00.004-05:00

Another puzzle!

Today's Puzzle

2011-01-31T21:38:00.005-05:00

Many of the puzzles in this book have been filled in; I'll just post a few of the ones that were either not filled in or were easy to clean up. Answers at the bottom of the page, scroll down slowly if you don't want to give them away.

Warning: This book was published in 1929, some images and content are not politically correct by current standards.

Peter Puzzlemaker

2011-01-30T21:32:00.008-05:00

Compiled and designed by George Carlson. I'm assuming that means all layouts, drawings, lettering etc is by Mr. Carlson. The puzzles and riddles were probably collected by "John Martin" et al. A wonderful children's book from the late '20s . I'll be posting more in the days to come.

December 26, 2010

2010-12-26T20:05:00.002-05:00

First real snow of the season. The old homestead...

Merry Christmas!

2010-12-24T22:27:00.004-05:00

Ireland, 2010 - The Bog

2010-07-18T19:59:00.007-04:00

On our fourth day in Ireland we went to one of the local bogs to help our hosts load up some dried turf. Turf in Ireland is kind of like firewood is here in New England, although turf is probably not a renewable resource. Practically speaking, firewood is barely renewable in most of New England. Anyway, it's basically dead plant material that when extracted from the ground dries out nicely and burns much like charcoal briquettes.

Here's a view of the bog with the peat turf hilled up:
Freshly extruded peat:

Stacked for drying:

After initial extruding, the peat breaks up into nice stove-sized chunks:

Part of the bog where the peat is being cut. It can go down six feet or more. After the peat has been removed from a bog, the land will eventually be converted to pasture, although some local farmers told us it's still too soggy for cows:

If I have any facts wrong, I would appreciate thoughtful comments/corrections. The bog is an interesting place.

Knappogue Castle

2010-07-05T19:18:00.009-04:00

Knappogue Castle is a popular attraction in County Clare and host to regular "Medieval Night" dinners. Built in 1467, it has a long and varied history. After having been owned by a local farmer in the 1920's, it was acquired in 1966 by Mark Edwin Andrews of Houston Texas, and restored to it's present state. There are a few in-depth histories of the castle on-line, and they are well worth reading.

Here is a view of the tower from the court-yard:

A doorway leading to the banquet hall:

Nice lighting through-out. Maybe next time, we'll visit at night, when everything is lit up as it would have been 500+ years ago...

Window in the great room.

The great room.

View from the gardens, which probably would have looked a lot better if not for the severe Irish winter of 2009-10, which killed off a lot of hedges and plantings.

Next up: Some Irish beaches.

Ireland, 2010 - Quin Abbey

2010-06-29T21:39:00.012-04:00

Quin Abbey was built between 1402 and 1433 by Sioda Cam MacNamara. According to the care-taker, it was built to pay tribute to God for having saved MacNamara's son from drowning in a near-by lake.

An impressive grave marker in the cemetery.

The cloisters.

Just one of many intriguing staircases in the abbey. We did get a bit lost while exploring the abbey, which is free to the public (as are all the others I've posted about so far), and visitors can roam about to their heart's content.

This is one of the upper-level rooms. It's strange to climb a few sets of stairs and seen green grass when you emerge.

A school tour arrived as we were finishing up. They were not allowed on the upper levels, so I teased them a bit.

Ireland, 2010 - Clare Abbey

2010-06-27T18:47:00.008-04:00

Clare Abbey is just a few miles from Shannon Airport, and right off the highway, but it's like another world in the abbey ruins. I like ruins.

Some say there are spirits lurking among the stones. Some of them are kinda cute.

A raven perched atop the abbey wall.

Ireland, 2010 - Dysert O'Dea

2010-06-26T22:25:00.010-04:00

Wildflowers on the walk from Dysert O'Dea castle to the monastery ruins.

The monastery.

Steps set into the stone wall. Access to the monastery from the pasture.

The Monk's Tower with the monastery on the left, ca 12th century. The castle was built in 1480.
Monastery interior arches.

Later ruins on the O'Dea archaeological trail. The site is so pristine that we felt like the first visitors since it fell to ruins. We did see one other group of tourists that day.

Leaving O'Dea, the road to the Burren.

Ireland, 2010 - Dysert O'Dea

2010-06-25T21:55:00.011-04:00

A few photos from our trip to West Clare this June. Our first day-trip was to Dysert O'Dea castle, just south of Corofin.

Castle interior.

Views from the top of the castle.

The castle from a near-by pasture.

More to come...

Future Science

2010-05-31T19:35:00.007-04:00

I love cities of the future, the older the better...This one is from 1948.

And the vehicles to tour them in:

What could possibly go wrong?

Queen of the Back Yard

2010-05-25T18:59:00.007-04:00

Pinky-Cat (nee Mojo) surveying the yard on a warm May evening.

Here she has moved to the other end of the picnic table. A significant event for her.

Obviously, a nap is now called for.

It's Bob's Birthday

2010-05-24T17:48:00.004-04:00

Born May24, 1941.

Life Magazine cuts, April 1, 1946

2010-03-15T21:58:00.006-04:00

Random scans from this issue.

Blues Artists

2010-02-09T19:22:00.008-05:00

Aaron "T-Bone" Walker. One of the most influential electric guitar players.

Booker (Bukka) White.

B. B. King. Must be casual Friday.

Still my favorite blues artist. No film/video of Robert Johnson. My gosh, look at those fingers!

Lettering

2010-02-08T21:19:00.013-05:00

A nearly lost art that was quite common, once upon a time. Selected pages from the Speedball Text Book, probably available at most art and/or stationary stores, 50+ years ago. Our local stationary store closed a few years ago. I miss it.

A couple of recommendations; the film "Helvetica" is a fascinating look at modern typography. Also, if you're ever in the Massachusetts North Shore area, a trip to the Museum of Printing in North Andover is a must for fans of type and typography.

Finally, a heads up: some of the images below are a bit politically incorrect. Sensitives types may want to skip this post.

I love the "Carnival" style!

The Museum of Printing has the original drawings for the "Times New Roman" font that is so familiar to users of Microsoft Word.

Some border designs.

Backs Dell More Map

2010-01-26T20:34:00.015-05:00

Number 49. Edgar Wallace still holds the record for most stories and/or books adapted into films: 160. He also wrote the first screenplay for King Kong, much of which was used in the movie.

Number 63.

Number 67.

Number 151.

A Few More Mapbacks

2010-01-25T22:24:00.010-05:00

Some nice covers, but really prime maps in this batch. I wonder if the board game "Clue" (originally called "Murder" in 1944) was inspired by the Dell maps?

Number 143. Amazingly, Rim of the Pit is still in print, with the original map on the back!

Number 177.

Number 180.

Dell Map Morebacks

2010-01-22T23:06:00.011-05:00

Number 185. I think this was my first mapback.

Number 302. No info on Hannah Lees, other than one of her stories was made into a film called "Shadow on the Wall" starring Ann Sothern and featuring Nancy (Mommy) Davis and Barbara Billingsley. Sounds like a must-see.

Number 302 also had the very cool mapback endpapers.

Map More Dellbacks

2010-01-20T22:42:00.009-05:00

Number 132. Leane Zugsmith seems like she was an interesting person. She was married to co-author Carl Randau.

Number 208. Cornell Woolrich also wrote under the pen-name William Irish. As Irish, he was the author of Marihuana. Sorry, I don't have a copy of that one.

Number 262. I believe Alfred Hitchcock and James Stewart were involved in the film business somehow.

Dell Mapbacks, More

2010-01-18T21:50:00.013-05:00

Number 237. Allan MacKinnon was a British writer who worked on screenplays including Sleeping Car to Trieste and Men of Sherwood Forest among others.

Number 315. We've already discussed Bertha Cool and Donald Lam.

Number 389. One of my favorite mapbacks! The map is also a flow-chart...

Still More Mapbacks

2010-01-15T21:53:00.011-05:00

Number 164. Alice Tilton was the pen name of Phoebe Atwood Taylor (1909 –1976). "The Adventures of Leonidas Witherall" was a shortlived radio series that ran for about a year on the Mutual network, 1944-1945. Taylor was born in Boston and many of her books take place around the city and Cape Cod.

Number 150.

Number 84. Read all about it here.

More Mapbacks

2010-01-14T23:07:00.013-05:00

A couple of these are in rough shape, but the images are so nice I decided to scan and post them anyway.

Number 112. Brett Halliday, (nom de plume of Davis Dresser, July 31, 1904 - February 4, 1977), was also known as Asa Baker, Mathew Blood, Kathryn Culver, Don Davis, Hal Debrett, Elliot Storm, Anthony Scott, and Anderson Wayne. He wore an eye-patch his whole life due to a barbed-wire accident as boy.

Number 78.

Number 193.

More Map Backs

2010-01-13T21:00:00.012-05:00

Number 295. Helen McCloy (1904 - 1994), aka Helen Clarkson wrote more than 30 mystery novels, plus many short stories. She was educated at The Friend's school in Brooklyn and at the Sorbonne in France. She was also married to Davis Dressler (aka Brett Halliday), author of the Mike Shayne mysteries.

Number 305. I guess I'll start including large scans of the maps, too. The Million Year Picnic is also the name of a venerable Cambridge, Mass comic-book store.

Number 104. Cleve F. Adams (1895-1949) also wrote the screenplay for "The Fatal Witness" (1945) starring Evelyn Ankers.

Dell Map Backs

2010-01-12T20:39:00.011-05:00

A batch of the wonderful Dell "Map Back" books. First published in 1943, they ran numbers 1 through about #550, when the maps were no longer featured on the backs. Numbers 1-5 were also map-less, although a later printing of #4 ("The American Gun Mystery") did have a map.

Number 55, The DA's Daughter by Herman Peterson.

Number 111, Greenmask by Jefferson Farjeon. Joseph Jefferson Farjeon (June 4, 1883--June 6, 1955) was a decendent of Thomas Jefferson. A prolific author of mysteries, he wrote over 80 novels.

Number 135, Meat for Murder by Lange Lewis.

Stocking Stuffers

2010-01-11T19:48:00.003-05:00

A few treats I found in my Christmas Stocking this year. Thanks Santa!

Happy New Year

2010-01-01T15:10:00.008-05:00

Some photos from the family vault as I take time to reflect on years past. All circa 1950-1954.

View of New Haven from East Rock:

Sister with dolly at Clark's Pond (about 1/4 mile from the Door Tree):

Mom and grandpa:

Sister and dad at Toy Town (Winchendon, MA):

Brother (me) and sister:

Jeff Buckley

2009-12-11T23:03:00.003-05:00

Backstage somewhere with Paul McCartney. Jeff put out one amazing album (Grace) before he drowned in the Wolf River. Also one of the few musicians to do a credible cover of a Leonard Cohen song.

Two Kings

2009-12-07T20:35:00.006-05:00

Elvis Presley and B.B. King, in Memphis. December 7, 1957.

Jack Nitzsche

2009-12-06T17:50:00.003-05:00

Jack Nitzsche (1937-2001) produced and/or arranged gazillions of artists throughout his 63 years. The Rolling Stones, Neil Young, Captain Beefheart, Doris Day, the list is nearly endless. Here's his arrangement of the Sonny Bono-penned hit "Needles and Pins".

Bo Diddley

2009-11-30T20:08:00.004-05:00

He's a man. Clips from "The Big TNT Show" (1966) and Ed Sullivan (1955). That's a very unusual dance the gals are doing in the second number from the Big TNT Show.

The Kinks

2009-11-28T11:43:00.004-05:00

Here they are performing my favorite Kinks song "See My Friends".

Bill Haley

2009-11-22T22:34:00.004-05:00

There doesn't seem to be too many clips of Bill Haley and the Comets playing live in circulation. Too bad, they were a hot neo-rock-a-billy band. Here's one though, courtesy of good ol' Ed Sullivan.

Talking Heads

2009-11-15T16:41:00.005-05:00

Here's Dave and the gang playing the old chestnut "Psycho Killer".

Sam and Dave

2009-11-09T20:21:00.005-05:00

Ca. 1967. Listen to their great version of "Soothe Me" from the Stax-Volt Scandanavian tour in '67. Booker T and the MGs and the Mar-Keys are the back-up musicians.

Chuck Berry

2009-11-08T22:36:00.004-05:00

Everybody has a favorite Chuck Berry song. Mine is "Promised Land".
"The 'Hound broke down and left us all stranded in downtown Birmingham". That's poetry!

The Yardbirds

2009-11-07T14:51:00.003-05:00

Ca. 1967-8 line-up consisted of (l-r): Jimmy Page, Jim McCarty, Keith Relf and Paul Samwell-Smith. Here's the group doing a rip-snorting version of "Over, Under, Sideways, Down".

Frank Sinatra

2009-11-06T22:36:00.004-05:00

This is a pretty cool photo from "Johnny Concho".

The Seeds

2009-11-04T17:47:00.004-05:00

This clip of their appearance on "The Mothers-in-Law" TV show may be the greatest rock video of all time. From 1966.

The Walker Bothers

2009-11-03T21:54:00.003-05:00

Scott (left) and Gary (right) Walker weren't really brothers. They were friends from California who decided to go to England in the early '60s and try to jump on the Brit-Pop bandwagon. They succeeded, and Scott Walker has since become a cult fave. Their early songs were standard-issue covers, but they later scored with songs featuring Scott's gorgeous baritone vocals.

Otis Blackwell

2009-11-02T22:35:00.004-05:00

Composer of "Don't Be Cruel", "All Shook Up", "Great Balls of Fire" and many others, I can't find any performances by Blackwell out on the Internets, but here's a version of his song "Return to Sender".

Kate Bush

2009-11-01T22:09:00.002-05:00

"Hounds of Love" is a great album. I never realized that she was inspired by the 1957 film "Night of the Demon", even though I knew there was some old movie dialog in the HoL track. Here's a pretty nice mash-up.

Halloween 2009

2009-11-01T21:17:00.003-05:00

Halloween is always a busy time around here. Carving pumpkins (my favorite part), giving out treats to the neighborhood kids (after sampling the candy for purity), and watching some Halloween classics (The Exorcist and The Ghost Goes Gear). Happy Halloween!

Mike Bloomfield

2009-10-30T21:10:00.003-04:00

There's not much live footage of this seminal 1960s rock-blues guitarist. Here's "Messin' With the Kid", which looks like it was filmed using a 16mm camera aimed right at the TV!

Terry Reid

2009-10-29T22:13:00.003-04:00

Supposedly Terry Reid was Jimmy Page's first choice for vocalist in Led Zepplin.

Zal Yanovsky

2009-10-28T20:25:00.003-04:00

Lead guitarist for the Lovin' Spoonful, he was the spark-plug for the band as evidenced in this clip from "The Big TNT Show" (1966).

John Coltrane

2009-10-27T23:41:00.004-04:00

I'm not a huge jazz fan, but I can listen to Miles Davis or John Coltrane anytime. Coltrane had a crack band when he performed "My Favorite Things" in 1961.

Tim Buckley

2009-10-26T21:14:00.004-04:00

There's plenty of good clips of Tim Buckley on YouTube, like this version of Fred Neil's "Dolphins", but I'd never seen this one of him performing "Pleasant Street" before.

Smokey Robinson

2009-10-25T17:54:00.002-04:00

One of the greatest songwriters on the 1960s and '70s, he was also an incredibly soulful singer.

Jim Morrison

2009-10-24T15:59:00.002-04:00

An out-take from the "Morrison Hotel" cover shoot, 1969.

Neil Young

2009-10-23T21:20:00.002-04:00

March, 1974.

Jeff Beck

2009-10-22T22:36:00.003-04:00

Ca. 1966.

Gillian Welch

2009-10-21T20:10:00.005-04:00

One of the finest singer-songwriters in America.
"My First Lover" and "I Wanna Sing That Rock and Roll" with her perfect foil, David Rawlings.

Sister Rosetta Tharpe

2009-10-20T19:32:00.004-04:00

This picture is probably from the '50s. She not only sang amazing gospel, but she could really rock the guitar. Take a look at "Up Above My Head" for proof.

Gene Vincent and his Blue Caps

2009-10-19T20:10:00.003-04:00

A still from the 1956 film "The Girl Can't Help It"

Elvis Costello

2009-10-18T16:56:00.001-04:00

Ca. 1978.

David Bowie

2009-10-17T09:23:00.003-04:00

From 1975. I can't quite read the label on the guitar. Hagstrom maybe?

Here he is playing it on "The Midnight Special" in '75:

Fred Neil

2009-10-16T17:37:00.002-04:00

Ca. 1965?

Rod Stewart

2009-10-15T18:17:00.001-04:00

Ca. 1965.

The Who

2009-10-14T21:59:00.000-04:00

From 1967. Looks like Keith walked into a door...

Son House

2009-10-13T17:28:00.005-04:00

Backstage, Newport Folk Festival, 1964.

Onstage, undated photo.

Columbus Day Special

2009-10-12T16:49:00.005-04:00

Two pictures today:

Frank Sinatra with Dean Martin.

Nancy Sinatra.

Roy Buchanan

2009-10-11T15:27:00.002-04:00

Ca. 1975.

The Stanley Brothers

2009-10-10T15:13:00.003-04:00

Ca. 1964. Ralph on banjo, Carter on guitar.

Muddy Waters

2009-10-09T17:17:00.004-04:00

Ca. 1966?

Tony Joe White

2009-10-08T22:03:00.003-04:00

Ca. 1969.

Musical People

2009-10-07T23:32:00.004-04:00

Pictures of people who make music.
Unknown street musician, Macon, Georgia - 1973

A Trip to the Attic 004

2008-12-22T00:15:00.006-05:00

A Christmas Song.

Happy Birthday Ned!

2008-03-30T17:35:00.006-04:00

From Cinema Arts, September 1937. Eyebrows by Sharpie of Hollywood.

A Trip to the Attic 003

2008-03-03T20:48:00.001-05:00

Random pulls from the archives.

From Chrysler Owners Magazine 9/52:

Is it naive or outsider art? I call it fan art. From The Morgan Horse 3/52:

Webcor! From US News and World Report 12/5/58:

Scary text, cool illo, from US News and World Report 12/5/58:

Living too near Vanadium Corp testing facility perhaps? From US News and World Report 12/5/58:

Hello Sweet Heart!

2008-03-02T21:07:00.001-05:00

The legendary Johnson-Smith Catalog. I found a hard-cover edition (from 1947) at an antique mall last weekend.

Some random page scans. Sorry about the paper browning, but that's what it looks like. Page 156 has an ad for the Flutophone, the first musical instrument I ever played. I scoff at the poor, pathetic Tonette players. "Wait in the wings", I say, "until the first-string Flutophones have had their solos"!

The Magic Nose Flute! Reference: "Lather" by Jefferson Airplane, Crown of Creation lp, 1968.

Somewhat politically incorrect page ahead; turning eggs into a big "snake" is strictly verboten for many religious groups!

A Trip to the Attic 002

2008-02-25T21:27:00.000-05:00

All images from the March 12, 1945 issue of Time Magazine. I wasn't even going to bother going through this one, but there's some pretty cool stuff in there.

Are re-caps a forgotten part of the "green" economy?

Purple Mountains.

Boris Artzybasheff! One of my favorite illustrators.

Bohn Aluminum always had great space-age advertisements:

Postcards, Connecticut

2008-02-24T21:25:00.000-05:00

View of Mill River from East Rock.

West Rock, New Haven.

Castle Craig, Hubbard Park, Meriden.

A Trip to the Attic 001

2008-02-19T23:49:00.000-05:00

This week's trip to the attic yields the following magazine cover scans:

A Boston garden catalog from 1947 -

Contract Bridge Made Easy -

A Century of Progress, Chicago World's Fair, 1933. Kiwanis Magazine -

The American Girl, August 1935 -

Focus on MicroComputers, 1979

2008-01-29T22:16:00.000-05:00

Here are some scans from Popular Electronics Magazine, November 1979. Not a mouse in sight.

That's the front cover, above. Here's the inside cover, an Apple ad:

The Casio Melody 80. I want one!

Ever notice how every computer ad from the '70s - '90s is pretty much a nuclear family huddled around a table, with one of them pointing at something on the monitor?

This Compucolor looks pretty sweet for 1979...

Good old Heathkit. The All-In-One H89 model. Probably the last computer to come out of Benton Harbor, Michigan.

Some PCs from Ohio Scientific:

The Exidy Sorcerer. They just don't name 'em like that anymore...

Some random images from the issue.

That's all for now. Maybe I'll find some pics from the '80s next time!

Marble's Instruments #4

2008-01-01T19:06:00.001-05:00

Picked this one up last October. Nice low action and funky tone from the no-name pickup (maybe a DeArmond?). The next is set with a dry-wall screw...

Comic Scholars Through the Ages

2007-05-21T22:36:00.001-04:00

Comic Scholars Through the Ages!

Photos from the UCLA Library Digital Collections.

Snips from the Garden

2006-08-27T00:42:00.000-04:00

Chili Peppers and Cherry Tomatoes.